The science
Stool patterns, urine concentration, bathroom timing, and urinary flow. A record of everyday signals, built to help you understand your own patterns over time.
New study: Throne’s AI reads stool form as accurately as gastroenterologists-
Gut health patterns
- Stool form (Bristol Stool Scale)
- Stool color
- Estimated stool volume
- Frequency
- Regularity / time of day
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Hydration
- Urine concentration
- Hydration score
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Bathroom habits
- Time on toilet
- Time to first evacuation
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Urinary flow*
- Estimated flow-rate curve
- Peak flow (Qmax)
- Average flow (Qavg)
- *Stand-to-pee sessions only
Your gut has patterns. Tracking them shouldn’t be a chore.
Doctors and dietitians rely on what you remember about your bowel habits. But diary entries get missed, details fade, and stool form is easy to misjudge.
Who remembers last week’s bowel movements?
Throne makes bathroom logging automatic. Less time keeping records, more time connecting the dots.
Functional gut health
A shared language for stool.
The Bristol Stool Scale describes seven stool forms, from separate hard pieces to liquid stool. It gives observations a consistent vocabulary, useful alongside frequency, color, estimated volume, and time of day.
Tap a type
Type 4
Smooth and soft
How Throne records it
Throne’s AI, trained by practicing physicians, classifies stool form and color from images and estimates stool volume. Every detected visit adds to your frequency and timing. In a validation study, it read stool form as accurately as gastroenterologists. See the study.
How to interpret it
Compare several days with your own baseline and your symptom notes: one stool says little, but a week of them shows a pattern. Color and volume need context too. Read how stool form tracks gut transit time.
Validation study · ACG 2026
Throne’s AI reads stool form as accurately as gastroenterologists.
Five board-certified gastroenterologists and Throne’s AI each classified the same set of 278 photos on the Bristol Stool Scale. The AI agreed with doctors as closely as the doctors agreed with each other, and when it differed, it was usually by a single type: 3 versus 4. The study was accepted for presentation at the American College of Gastroenterology’s 2026 annual meeting in Nashville.
278 stool photos
Spread evenly across all seven Bristol types. None were used to train Throne’s AI.
5 gastroenterologists
Each one rated every photo on their own, using the standard Bristol chart.
90% agreement on Type 4
On Type 4, the smooth, soft stool most people aim for, the AI matched the doctors’ consensus 90% of the time. Two doctors matched each other only 60% of the time.
Shori C, Nowaski S, Rangarajan K, Capodilupo J, Blumberg T, Seminerio-Diehl J, Pimentel M. Evaluating the efficacy of an artificial intelligence–enabled toilet-mounted device for Bristol Stool Scale assessment. Accepted for presentation at the American College of Gastroenterology 2026 Annual Scientific Meeting, Nashville. A study by Throne Science and gastroenterologists, including Dr. Mark Pimentel of Cedars-Sinai.
Hydration
Your hydration, read from urine color.
Urine concentration is one of the simplest everyday clues to hydration: darker, more concentrated urine often means you need more fluid. Throne estimates it from urine color and turns it into a hydration score.
Drag the color
Estimated urine concentration
In between
- Urine color, read at every visit
- Throne’s AI estimate
- Urine concentration and hydration score
How Throne records it
Throne reads urine color at every visit, and its AI estimates how concentrated your urine is. Because it happens every time you go, you see your hydration across the day and over weeks, not a single snapshot.
How to interpret it
Concentration rises and falls with what you drink, exercise, diet, medicines, and time of day; first-morning urine is usually the most concentrated. Some foods and vitamins can also change urine color. Read research on urine color and hydration.
Bathroom habits
Timing adds another dimension.
Time on toilet covers the whole visit. Time to first evacuation is how long it takes from sitting down to the first bowel movement.
Drag through the session
Time to first evacuation
Time on toilet
How Throne records it
Throne times every seated visit on its own. A visit without a bowel movement has no time-to-first-evacuation value.
How to interpret it
A long wait can reflect difficulty going; a very short one can reflect urgency. Phone scrolling counts too, so read timing alongside how you felt.
Urinary flow
A view of lower urinary tract function.
A flow-rate curve shows how urine flow changes during a void. Peak flow (Qmax) is the highest rate; average flow (Qavg) summarizes flow over the time urine is flowing.
Drag along the curve
100%of peak flow · this is Qmax
Qavg is voided volume divided by flow time.
How Throne records it
When you stand to pee, Throne listens to the stream and estimates a flow-rate curve, peak flow (Qmax), and average flow (Qavg). Flow measurements are for stand-to-pee sessions only.
How to interpret it
Flow depends on how full your bladder is, how strongly it contracts, and anything narrowing the outlet, such as an enlarged prostate. One reading says little; a trend across many visits is worth bringing to your doctor. Read the EAU guidance on uroflowmetry.
Scientific Advisory Board
Guided by the people who wrote the guidelines.
Our advisors include the lead authors of clinical guidelines for ulcerative colitis, SIBO, and colorectal cancer screening. Dr. Mark Pimentel also co-authored our first validation study.
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Dr. David Rubin
Lead author, ulcerative colitis guidelines · UChicago Medicine -
Dr. Suzelle Moffitt
Four decades of patient care · Clinical advisor -
Dr. Vipul Jairath
IBD clinical-trial leader · Western University -
Dr. Satish Rao
Pioneer in constipation treatment · Augusta University -
Dr. Mark Pimentel
Lead author, SIBO guideline · Cedars-Sinai -
Dr. Fola May
Colorectal cancer prevention and health equity · UCLA -
Dr. Aasma Shaukat
Lead author, colorectal cancer screening guidelines · NYU Langone
Research
Research & references.
New results
Our first validation study is in. Throne’s AI read stool form as accurately as five board-certified gastroenterologists, and the study was accepted for presentation at ACG 2026 in Nashville. More studies with research partners are under way, and we’ll share results as they’re cleared for publication.
Throne’s own research comes first. The other sources are background research that explains the measurements, their use, and their limits.
Throne research1
Shori C, Nowaski S, Rangarajan K, Capodilupo J, Blumberg T, Seminerio-Diehl J, Pimentel M. Evaluating the efficacy of an artificial intelligence–enabled toilet-mounted device for Bristol Stool Scale assessment. Accepted for presentation at the American College of Gastroenterology 2026 Annual Scientific Meeting, Nashville. See the results.
Bowel, food, and symptom diaries5
Wright-McNaughton et al. Validation of the Food and Symptom Times diary. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 2019.
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Guidance on food diaries and identifying food-related symptom patterns. Published 2022; reviewed 2026.
Lackner et al. The accuracy of patient-reported measures for GI symptoms: a comparison of real time and retrospective reports. Neurogastroenterology & Motility, 2014.
Stone et al. Patient non-compliance with paper diaries. BMJ, 2002. A study of scheduled chronic-pain diary entries.
Stool form2
Lewis & Heaton. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 1997.
Pimentel et al. A smartphone application using artificial intelligence is superior to subject self-reporting when assessing stool form. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022.
Urine concentration1
Criterion values for urine-specific gravity and urine color representing adequate water intake in healthy adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017.
Urinary flow1
European Association of Urology: diagnostic evaluation of male lower urinary tract symptoms. See the uroflowmetry section; guidance checked September 2026.

Start with your everyday patterns.
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